Face masks and respirators in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic: an overview of the standards and testing methods /
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Date
2020-09-19Author
Forouzandeh, Parnia
O'Dowd, Kris
Pillai, Suresh C.
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This shortage has resulted in an increase in production of PPE to meet the demand, and as a result, several
substandard equipment has entered the market. With face masks and respirators now beginning to see widespread
use throughout the world, the standards and test with which they are required to undertake have become
points of interest. The filtration efficiency of the masks is a key testing element that examines its ability to filter
particles, bacteria and viruses; this examines the penetration efficiency percentage of each with lower results
being preferable. Masks are also subjected to NaCl testing method, which allows a range of particle sizes to be
examined and their penetration to be observed. The masks must also show considerable resistance to fluids and
flames, to prevent the penetration of liquids and to be non-flammable. Various PPE testing protocols such as
biological, chemical, fluid and flame resistances, protective ensemble, facepiece fit testing, NIOSH NaCl method
and impact protection have been discussed. In addition, various tests involving bacterial and viral filtration
efficiencies are also discussed. Differential pressure is examined to ascertain the comfort, airflow and breathability
of the masks, whilst fit testing is examined to ensure a correct fit of the mask.
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